Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2023
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201/201LN 4.0% NI	0.8393	.08653	.08588	0.8016
301 6.0% NI	1.0769	1.1145	1.0996	1.0027
304/304L	1.3391	1.3867	1.3638	1.2266
309S	1.8897	1.9555	1.9159	1.6963
310S	2.8052	2.9046	2.8358	2.4727
316/316L	2.0330	2.2928	2.3824	2.1533
317L	2.4723	2.8393	2.9825	2.6968
321	1.4544	1.5040	1.4771	1.3200
409	0.2471	0.2552	.2660	0.2934
430	0.3147	0.3240	.03341	0.3598
2205	1.6569	1.9897	2.1611	2.0155

*North American Stainless Surcharge

Year 2022
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201/201LN 4.0% NI	0.8669	0.8737	0.9266	1.0807	1.3140	1.2171	1.1471	0.9039	0.8833	0.8715	0.7347	0.7574
301 6.0% NI	0.9894	1.0086	1.0855	1.2812	1.5724	1.4359	1.3391	1.0426	1.0205	1.0175	0.9070	0.9525
304/304L	1.1735	1.2060	1.3067	1.5480	1.9031	1.7280	1.6043	1.2509	1.2266	1.2250	1.1117	1.1767
309S	1.5690	1.6295	1.7789	2.1067	2.5976	2.3473	2.1710	1.6981	1.6712	1.6731	1.5473	1.6516
310S	2.2011	2.3098	2.5443	3.0284	3.7416	3.3571	3.0870	2.4186	2.3856	2.3931	2.2601	2.4330
316/316L	1.6809	1.7341	1.8613	2.1484	2.5595	2.3401	2.1548	1.7423	1.6669	1.6979	1.6500	1.7459
317L	2.0138	2.0818	2.2283	2.5445	3.0086	2.7600	2.5391	2.0756	1.9757	2.0242	1.9987	2.1151
321	1.2456	1.2846	1.3964	1.6652	2.0628	1.8683	1.7310	1.3520	1.3174	1.3149	1.1990	1.2727
409	0.3933	0.3698	0.3726	0.4440	0.5434	0.5188	0.5005	0.3820	0.3554	0.3455	0.2503	0.2360
430	0.4741	0.4522	0.4565	0.5201	0.6275	0.6047	0.5876	0.4516	0.4342	0.4262	0.3173	0.3042
2205	1.4974	1.5191	1.5825	1.7411	2.0133	1.8984	1.7711	1.4745	1.3819	1.4255	1.3831	1.4322

*North American Stainless Surcharge

Year 2021
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 4.0 Ni	0.5538	0.6142	0.6408	0.6435	0.6985	0.7222	0.7515	0.7941	0.8341	0.8359	0.8725	0.9799
301/301L	0.6588	0.7286	0.7532	0.7453	0.7879	0.8234	0.8532	0.8977	0.9312	0.9237	0.9525	1.0667
304/304L	0.8058	0.8842	0.9170	0.8974	0.9389	0.9862	1.0180	1.0699	1.1129	1.1092	1.1379	1.2609
309/309S/309H	1.0996	1.1956	1.2447	1.2016	1.2407	1.3115	1.3475	1.4139	1.4760	1.4803	1.5091	1.6492
310/310S	1.5721	1.6987	1.7765	1.6938	1.7057	1.8179	1.8625	1.9547	2.0500	2.0673	2.0816	2.2523
316/316L	1.0648	1.1697	1.2459	1.2345	1.2298	1.3043	1.4502	1.5713	1.6204	1.6454	1.6417	1.7758
317/317L	1.2194	1.3374	1.4354	1.4271	1.4133	1.5014	1.7036	1.8590	1.9111	1.9512	1.9397	2.0792
321/321H	0.8622	0.9486	0.9868	0.9607	0.9921	1.0451	1.0785	1.1324	1.1812	1.1793	1.2028	1.3302
409	0.2240	0.2704	0.2716	0.2978	0.3472	0.3471	0.3705	0.3918	0.3977	0.3784	0.4098	0.4981
430	0.2682	0.3115	0.3115	0.3372	0.4111	0.4111	0.4330	0.4553	0.4603	0.4420	0.4881	0.5760
2205	0.8833	0.9757	1.0520	1.0744	1.1092	1.1634	1.3576	1.4921	1.5199	1.5531	1.5701	1.6843

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2020
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 4.0 Ni	0.4210	0.4330	0.4067	0.4219	0.3967	0.4250	0.4349	0.4256	0.4404	0.4760	0.4704	0.4955
301/301L	0.5048	0.5195	0.4813	0.4867	0.4489	0.4852	0.5022	0.5018	0.5268	0.5727	0.5629	0.5947
304/304L	0.6214	0.6370	0.5875	0.5879	0.5416	0.5846	0.6072	0.6120	0.6481	0.7052	0.6922	0.7333
309/309S/309H	0.8544	0.8719	0.7996	0.7907	0.7269	0.7838	0.8177	0.8326	0.8906	0.9705	0.9510	1.0107
310/310S	1.2256	1.2472	1.1346	1.1015	1.0068	1.0884	1.1421	1.1741	1.2700	1.3904	1.3595	1.4518
316/316L	0.8537	0.8781	0.8429	0.8017	0.7222	0.7874	0.8030	0.7902	0.8363	0.9251	0.9156	0.9791
317/317L	0.9920	1.0204	0.9924	0.9347	0.8391	0.9149	0.9270	0.9058	0.9573	1.0616	1.0538	1.1283
321/321H	0.6647	0.6811	0.6257	0.6209	0.5700	0.6168	0.6422	0.6492	0.6906	0.7537	0.7391	0.7849
409	0.1606	0.1722	0.1684	0.1890	0.1774	0.1929	0.1929	0.1774	0.1696	0.1813	0.1813	0.1852
430	0.1993	0.2103	0.2066	0.2353	0.2243	0.2389	0.2389	0.2243	0.2170	0.2280	0.2280	0.2316
2205	0.7317	0.7558	0.7612	0.7324	0.6637	0.7179	0.7135	0.6785	0.6995	0.7700	0.7718	0.8197

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2019
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 4.0 Ni	0.4426	0.4369	0.4569	0.4963	0.4899	0.4575	0.4104	0.4279	0.4809	0.5138	0.5019	0.4718
301/301L	0.4856	0.4812	0.5141	0.5619	0.5531	0.5102	0.4602	0.4885	0.5646	0.6219	0.6135	0.5745
304/304L	0.5697	0.5678	0.6142	0.6721	0.6630	0.6110	0.5554	0.5945	0.6933	0.7759	0.7699	0.7153
309/309S/309H	0.7378	0.7410	0.8146	0.8927	0.8829	0.8125	0.7462	0.8067	0.9510	1.0839	1.0829	0.9970
310/310S	0.9920	1.0030	1.1236	1.2328	1.2214	1.1184	1.0416	1.1396	1.3639	1.5853	1.5918	1.4518
316/316L	0.8389	0.8228	0.8784	0.9686	0.9537	0.8932	0.8389	0.8798	1.0040	1.1117	1.0960	0.9745
317/317L	0.9976	0.9748	1.0354	1.1440	1.1268	1.0626	1.0032	1.0453	1.1818	1.3022	1.2821	1.1269
321/321H	0.5953	0.5945	0.6475	0.7087	0.6992	0.6423	0.5878	0.6321	0.7424	0.8377	0.8327	0.7704
409	0.2392	0.2275	0.2197	0.2379	0.2301	0.2146	0.1798	0.1759	0.1836	0.1655	0.1500	0.1577
430	0.2816	0.2707	0.2633	0.2861	0.2787	0.2641	0.2199	0.2163	0.2236	0.2050	0.1904	0.1977
2205	0.8389	0.8105	0.8331	0.9209	0.9060	0.8699	0.8091	0.8206	0.8909	0.9384	0.9128	0.8005

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2018
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 4.0 Ni	0.4205	0.4515	0.4760	0.5462	0.5498	0.5600	0.5899	0.5697	0.5509	0.5026	0.5021	0.4837
301/301L	0.4598	0.5035	0.5362	0.6074	0.6116	0.6259	0.6688	0.6436	0.6184	0.5618	0.5610	0.5347
304/304L	0.5511	0.6066	0.6502	0.7290	0.7334	0.7524	0.8048	0.7699	0.7376	0.6700	0.6666	0.6303
309/309S/309H	0.7336	0.8131	0.8785	0.9722	0.9767	1.0052	1.0767	1.0223	0.9760	0.8864	0.8781	0.8215
310/310S	1.0080	1.1297	1.2333	1.3389	1.3440	1.3892	1.4967	1.4086	1.3372	1.2164	1.2002	1.1087
316/316L	0.7460	0.8643	0.9460	1.0358	1.0288	1.0445	1.0930	1.0378	1.0291	0.9556	0.9460	0.9018
317/317L	0.8705	1.0197	1.1205	1.2244	1.2119	1.2258	1.2708	1.2053	1.2084	1.1275	1.1142	1.0660
321/321H	0.5784	0.6401	0.6892	0.7660	0.7704	0.7918	0.8500	0.8103	0.7744	0.7043	0.7001	0.6588
409	0.1925	0.2003	0.2003	0.2512	0.2551	0.2551	0.2689	0.2728	0.2689	0.2443	0.2508	0.2547
430	0.2399	0.2473	0.2473	0.3133	0.3169	0.3169	0.3280	0.3316	0.3280	0.2957	0.3011	0.3047
2205	0.7020	0.8158	0.8859	0.9965	0.9831	0.9835	0.9953	0.9565	0.9802	0.9167	0.9083	0.8882

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2017
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 4.0 Ni	0.4764	0.4745	0.4725	0.4765	0.4573	0.4432	0.3541	0.3619	0.3900	0.4746	0.4491	0.4694
301/301L	0.5248	0.5045	0.5019	0.5105	0.4848	0.4636	0.3695	0.3785	0.4172	0.5151	0.4808	0.5143
304/304L	0.6285	0.5955	0.5933	0.6106	0.5687	0.5403	0.4325	0.4446	0.4948	0.6136	0.5731	0.6191
309/309S/309H	0.8358	0.7776	0.7762	0.7841	0.7366	0.6940	0.5587	0.5767	0.6502	0.8111	0.7581	0.8290
310/310S	1.1240	1.0224	1.0223	1.0369	0.9640	0.8965	0.7395	0.7681	0.8823	1.0993	1.0237	1.1380
316/316L	0.7570	0.7235	0.7335	0.7608	0.7390	0.6921	0.5689	0.5777	0.6627	0.7982	0.7485	0.8054
317/317L	0.8662	0.8317	0.8478	0.8799	0.8639	0.8075	0.6610	0.6683	0.7703	0.9246	0.8707	0.9333
321/321H	0.6503	0.6113	0.6092	0.6205	0.5839	0.5520	0.4478	0.4613	0.5175	0.6399	0.5960	0.6481
409	0.2248	0.2423	0.2384	0.2467	0.2428	0.2428	0.1861	0.1861	0.1900	0.2274	0.2119	0.2080
430	0.3034	0.3199	0.3162	0.3164	0.3127	0.3127	0.2282	0.2282	0.2319	0.2876	0.2729	0.2693
2205	0.7185	0.7195	0.7352	0.7523	0.7574	0.7215	0.5632	0.5622	0.6308	0.7588	0.7249	0.7519

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2016
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 4.0 Ni	0.2357	0.2365	0.2267	0.2318	0.2467	0.2632	0.2568	0.2805	0.2930	0.2707	0.3050	0.3304
301/301L	0.2733	0.2728	0.2625	0.2714	0.2851	0.3056	0.2957	0.3311	0.3516	0.3221	0.3599	0.3843
304/304L	0.3352	0.3321	0.3195	0.3315	0.3433	0.3668	0.3536	0.4010	0.4298	0.3948	0.4418	0.4698
309/309S/309H	0.4592	0.4510	0.4334	0.4518	0.4596	0.4891	0.4693	0.5410	0.5863	0.5399	0.6056	0.6406
310/310S	0.6373	0.6208	0.5963	0.6278	0.6303	0.6712	0.6398	0.7541	0.8283	0.7618	0.8485	0.8967
316/316L	0.4112	0.4155	0.4003	0.4190	0.4333	0.4918	0.5090	0.5427	0.5819	0.5433	0.5811	0.6058
317/317L	0.4724	0.4801	0.4628	0.4834	0.4982	0.5737	0.6060	0.6324	0.6769	0.6369	0.6768	0.6996
321/321H	0.3506	0.3465	0.3332	0.3478	0.3591	0.3844	0.3695	0.4232	0.4561	0.4180	0.4652	0.4952
409	0.0930	0.1002	0.0969	0.0963	0.1154	0.1268	0.1268	0.1258	0.1216	0.1091	0.1209	0.1345
430	0.1339	0.1402	0.1354	0.1323	0.1501	0.1606	0.1606	0.1592	0.1551	0.1429	0.1667	0.1795
2205	0.3715	0.3850	0.3714	0.3787	0.3964	0.4615	0.5033	0.4944	0.5152	0.4923	0.5282	0.5402

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2015
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 3.5Ni	0.4739	0.4490	0.4030	0.3827	0.3582	0.3669	0.3632	0.3362	0.3111	0.2866	0.2708	0.2540
301/301L	0.6169	0.5743	0.5233	0.4937	0.4577	0.4762	0.4642	0.4245	0.3860	0.3492	0.3365	0.3147
304/304L	0.7607	0.7038	0.6506	0.6134	0.5659	0.5911	0.5716	0.5204	0.4720	0.4244	0.4148	0.3893
309/309S/309H	1.0481	0.9630	0.9052	0.8529	0.7820	0.8209	0.7865	0.7118	0.6437	0.5750	0.5717	0.5386
310/310S	1.5089	1.3741	1.3085	1.2297	1.1188	1.1823	1.1223	1.0057	0.9027	0.7967	0.8048	0.7593
316/316L	1.0127	0.9449	0.8701	0.8202	0.7649	0.7848	0.7500	0.6546	0.5939	0.5317	0.5113	0.4723
317/317L	1.1641	1.0909	1.0051	0.9491	0.8895	0.9062	0.8633	0.7465	0.6800	0.6102	0.5843	0.5382
321/321H	0.8152	0.7514	0.6972	0.6563	0.6030	0.6322	0.6091	0.5515	0.4980	0.4453	0.4374	0.4103
409	0.1918	0.1916	0.1476	0.1408	0.1395	0.1376	0.1478	0.1433	0.1344	0.1295	0.1072	0.0967
430	0.2365	0.2363	0.1921	0.1851	0.1832	0.1803	0.1903	0.1869	0.1784	0.1734	0.1508	0.1394
2205	0.8358	0.8033	0.7245	0.6900	0.6620	0.6574	0.6351	0.5532	0.5161	0.4766	0.4412	0.4044

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2014
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 3.5Ni	0.4264	0.4364	0.4427	0.4622	0.4940	0.5432	0.5417	0.5450	0.5399	.5399	.4908	.4569
301/301L	0.5753	0.5898	0.5582	0.5889	0.6407	0.7241	0.7206	0.7256	0.7168	.7160	.6367	.5877
304/304L	0.6509	0.6677	0.6776	0.7194	0.7858	0.8967	0.8914	0.8979	0.8858	.8845	.7818	.7216
309/309S/309H	0.8747	0.8981	0.9164	0.9802	1.0759	1.2420	1.2332	1.2424	1.2240	1.2216	1.0718	.9893
310/310S	1.2328	1.2671	1.2958	1.3972	1.5447	1.8068	1.7910	1.8047	1.7745	1.7701	1.5376	1.4156
316/316L	0.8933	0.9156	0.9318	0.9803	1.1051	1.2857	1.3088	1.2789	1.2614	1.2479	1.0626	.9738
317/317L	1.0344	1.0603	1.0820	1.1345	1.2882	1.5039	1.5417	1.4938	1.4740	1.4544	1.2280	1.1254
321/321H	0.6931	0.7111	0.7214	0.7684	0.8423	0.9669	0.9603	0.9673	0.9535	.9518	.8373	.7712
409	0.2081	0.2116	0.2054	0.2033	0.2110	0.2119	0.2136	0.2146	0.2156	.2162	.2079	.1919
430	0.2436	0.2479	0.2462	0.2451	0.2524	0.2536	0.2563	0.2577	0.2591	.2601	.2518	.2368
2205	0.7797	0.7976	0.8160	0.8392	0.9498	1.0871	1.1314	1.0803	1.0706	1.0530	.8947	.8254

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2013
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 3.5Ni	0.4728	0.4768	0.4865	0.4777	0.4609	0.4309	0.4202	0.4150	0.4197	0.4111	0.4131	0.4523
301/301L	0.6249	0.6329	0.6512	0.6242	0.6013	0.5573	0.5414	0.5243	0.5360	0.5253	0.5262	0.5462
304/304L	0.7751	0.7846	0.8104	0.7689	0.7406	0.6851	0.6641	0.6355	0.6519	0.6389	0.6391	0.6626
309/309S/309H	1.0750	1.0876	1.1286	1.0584	1.0192	0.9409	0.9093	0.8576	0.8836	0.8663	0.8651	0.8954
310/310S	1.5685	1.5846	1.6510	1.5313	1.4717	1.3539	1.3047	1.2140	1.2578	1.2326	1.2275	1.2695
316/316L	1.0945	1.1193	1.1432	1.0795	1.0407	0.9760	0.9447	0.8821	0.8907	0.8802	0.8757	0.9110
317/317L	1.2733	1.3068	1.3305	1.2550	1.2118	1.1420	1.1055	1.0251	1.0290	1.0196	1.0138	1.0553
321/321H	0.8370	0.8466	0.8758	0.8274	0.7959	0.7351	0.7116	0.6776	0.6969	0.6829	0.6821	0.7071
409	0.1793	0.1830	0.1788	0.1948	0.1884	0.1787	0.1783	0.1955	0.1928	0.1887	0.1919	0.2015
430	0.2128	0.2183	0.2153	0.2304	0.2253	0.2151	0.2141	0.2301	0.2261	0.2221	0.2269	0.2369
2205	0.9071	0.9389	0.9430	0.9077	0.8820	0.8442	0.8214	0.7714	0.7591	0.7563	0.7552	0.7873

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2012
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 3.5Ni	0.5503	0.5767	0.6019	0.5737	0.5556	0.5441	0.5080	0.4756	0.4747	0.4786	0.4751	0.4558
301/301L	0.7566	0.8104	0.8033	0.7620	0.7119	0.6928	0.6472	0.6105	0.6016	0.6194	0.6336	0.5917
304/304L	0.8633	0.9267	0.9947	0.9386	0.8743	0.8486	0.7971	0.7559	0.7362	0.7642	0.7928	0.7299
309/309S/309H	1.1770	1.2673	1.3775	1.2919	1.1990	1.1600	1.0967	1.0466	1.0051	1.0534	1.1109	1.0061
310/310S	1.6885	1.8259	2.0075	1.8687	1.7239	1.6614	1.5756	1.5122	1.4369	1.5229	1.6324	1.4565
316/316L	1.2300	1.3200	1.4236	1.3550	1.2674	1.2307	1.1601	1.0982	1.0396	1.0854	1.1163	1.0307
317/317L	1.4475	1.5390	1.6620	1.5881	1.4900	1.4482	1.3689	1.2954	1.2148	1.2683	1.2997	1.2009
321/321H	0.9268	0.9968	1.0753	1.0113	0.9386	0.9093	0.8538	0.8109	0.7875	0.8213	0.8578	0.7853
409	0.2418	0.2512	0.2359	0.2374	0.2316	0.2322	0.2048	0.1806	0.2037	0.1906	0.1613	0.1821
430	0.2808	0.2904	0.2771	0.2819	0.2768	0.2780	0.2523	0.2263	0.2449	0.2296	0.1988	0.2169
2205	1.0729	1.1247	1.1929	1.1652	1.1121	1.0899	1.0309	0.9662	0.9078	0.9280	0.9151	0.8716

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2011
Grade	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
201 3.5Ni	0.7066	0.7432	0.7955	0.8487	0.8226	0.8059	0.7555	0.7120	0.7342	0.6796	0.6115	0.5923
301/301L	0.8790	0.9303	1.0017	1.0828	1.0410	1.0204	0.9475	0.8825	0.9192	0.8381	0.7419	0.7219
304/304L	1.0996	1.1631	1.2497	1.3602	1.3034	1.2757	1.1792	1.0925	1.1429	1.0352	0.9095	0.8883
309/309S/309H	1.5410	1.6290	1.7457	1.9152	1.8280	1.7862	1.6427	1.5129	1.5903	1.4292	1.2447	1.2213
310/310S	2.2594	2.3917	2.5634	2.8344	2.6926	2.6300	2.4053	2.2030	2.3313	2.0776	1.7928	1.7672
316/316L	1.5880	1.6682	1.7937	1.9470	1.8562	1.8254	1.7000	1.5751	1.6095	1.4720	1.3053	1.2607
317/317L	1.8648	1.9520	2.0958	2.2713	2.1648	2.1303	1.9894	1.8433	1.8680	1.7153	1.5264	1.4689
321/321H	1.1880	1.2582	1.3531	1.4797	1.4149	1.3860	1.2792	1.1837	1.2422	1.1212	0.9813	0.9586
409	0.2248	0.2390	0.2649	0.2594	0.2636	0.2643	0.2626	0.2623	0.2580	0.2565	0.2476	0.2295
430	0.2816	0.2944	0.3180	0.3127	0.3184	0.3143	0.3105	0.3063	0.2986	0.2967	0.2852	0.2666
2205	1.3400	1.3890	1.4847	1.5792	1.5196	1.4971	1.4215	1.3313	1.3109	1.2336	1.1235	1.0662

*Allegheny Ludlum Surcharge

35 Years of Trusted Specialty Metals Distribution.

Large Inventories of Stainless Steel & Aluminum

Large Inventories of Stainless Steel & Aluminum

Surcharge

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2023

Grade

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

June

July

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year 2022

Grade

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

June

July

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year 2021

Grade

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

June

July

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2020

Grade

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

June

July

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2019

Grade

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

June

July

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Stainless Steel Surcharge

Year 2018

Grade